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	Comments on: World Geodetic System (WGS84)	</title>
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	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2025 07:27:49 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>
		By: Franklin Ssempirima		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-366968</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Franklin Ssempirima]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2025 07:27:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-366968</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In reply to &lt;a href=&quot;https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-321452&quot;&gt;Dave Doyle&lt;/a&gt;.

Even when there is wobbling of axes of the orbits of the man-made satellites, the earth&#039;s center of gravity is expected to remain constant for the co-ordinates reporting, using WGS84!]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In reply to <a href="https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-321452">Dave Doyle</a>.</p>
<p>Even when there is wobbling of axes of the orbits of the man-made satellites, the earth&#8217;s center of gravity is expected to remain constant for the co-ordinates reporting, using WGS84!</p>
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		<title>
		By: Ssempirima Franklin		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-366964</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ssempirima Franklin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2025 06:36:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-366964</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In reply to &lt;a href=&quot;https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-366305&quot;&gt;Franklin Ssempirima&lt;/a&gt;.

I Go from a premise that the earth&#039;s center of Gravity is fixed and coded (0,0,0) in a Cartesian graghing system.

Besides, all the satellites in the orbits are not powered, instead they are held in their orbits by a centripetal force.

So, how then do we start talking of an error of 2 cm?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In reply to <a href="https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-366305">Franklin Ssempirima</a>.</p>
<p>I Go from a premise that the earth&#8217;s center of Gravity is fixed and coded (0,0,0) in a Cartesian graghing system.</p>
<p>Besides, all the satellites in the orbits are not powered, instead they are held in their orbits by a centripetal force.</p>
<p>So, how then do we start talking of an error of 2 cm?</p>
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		<item>
		<title>
		By: Franklin Ssempirima		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-366305</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Franklin Ssempirima]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jan 2025 05:37:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-366305</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In reply to &lt;a href=&quot;https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-321452&quot;&gt;Dave Doyle&lt;/a&gt;.

Is there any earth orbiting satellite, whose orbit has a center not coded (0,0,0) according to the Cartesian graghing system for a three dimensional analysis?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In reply to <a href="https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-321452">Dave Doyle</a>.</p>
<p>Is there any earth orbiting satellite, whose orbit has a center not coded (0,0,0) according to the Cartesian graghing system for a three dimensional analysis?</p>
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		<title>
		By: Golam Ali		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-351650</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Golam Ali]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Oct 2024 10:54:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-351650</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[I want a complete list for the same]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I want a complete list for the same</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
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		<item>
		<title>
		By: Dave Doyle		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-321885</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Dave Doyle]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Feb 2024 23:38:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-321885</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In reply to &lt;a href=&quot;https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-321569&quot;&gt;T.Vincent&lt;/a&gt;.

The best way to improve positioning integrity in Africa (and many other areas) is for countries to try and invest at least a single CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Station) into the global GNSS network -- https://igs.org/.  That would contribute to increased capability of processing GNSS positions with online utilities such as the US On Line Positioning User Service (OPUS) or the Australian AUSPOS which can provide cm-level results with sufficient observations from dual frequency receivers anywhere in the world.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In reply to <a href="https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-321569">T.Vincent</a>.</p>
<p>The best way to improve positioning integrity in Africa (and many other areas) is for countries to try and invest at least a single CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Station) into the global GNSS network &#8212; <a href="https://igs.org/" rel="nofollow ugc">https://igs.org/</a>.  That would contribute to increased capability of processing GNSS positions with online utilities such as the US On Line Positioning User Service (OPUS) or the Australian AUSPOS which can provide cm-level results with sufficient observations from dual frequency receivers anywhere in the world.</p>
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		<title>
		By: T.Vincent		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-321569</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[T.Vincent]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Feb 2024 11:14:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-321569</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Accuracy for those outside the US is a question as we need controls stations around the globe. Who is ready to invest in this, at least WAAS for Africa?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Accuracy for those outside the US is a question as we need controls stations around the globe. Who is ready to invest in this, at least WAAS for Africa?</p>
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		<title>
		By: Dave Doyle		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-321452</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Dave Doyle]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Feb 2024 15:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-321452</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&quot;Geodesists believe the error is less than 2 centimeters which is better than NAD83.&quot;  In general this statement is not correct.  It is true that WGS 84 defined as WGS 84 (G2296) is closely aligned to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 2014 at the 2 cm level which NAD 83 (2011) is not.  That being said WGS 84 does not deliver cm accuracy to those outside of the U.S. Defense Department as there are no high accuracy control stations directly available.  On the other hand NAD 83 (2011) is easily available at the 1-2 cm level in the horizontal component anywhere in the U.S. through the network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS).  It is important to note that a datum that delivers high accuracy positions and heights consists of a reference ellipse and some form of realization (passive or active control stations) - Additionally the ellipsoid WGS 84 has never been adopted by any international geodetic institution as the accepted system, that belongs to Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS 80).  Without some form of ground based reference frame to connect to direct measurements from GPS have a general uncertainty of about 5 meters.  Finally at this point in time it&#039;s way more important to understand a relationship to ITRF since WGS 84 applies only to the U.S. GPS and not the other three positioning constellations that are in active use now.  I am happy to respond to any comments on this topic -- base9geodesy@gmail.com]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Geodesists believe the error is less than 2 centimeters which is better than NAD83.&#8221;  In general this statement is not correct.  It is true that WGS 84 defined as WGS 84 (G2296) is closely aligned to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 2014 at the 2 cm level which NAD 83 (2011) is not.  That being said WGS 84 does not deliver cm accuracy to those outside of the U.S. Defense Department as there are no high accuracy control stations directly available.  On the other hand NAD 83 (2011) is easily available at the 1-2 cm level in the horizontal component anywhere in the U.S. through the network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS).  It is important to note that a datum that delivers high accuracy positions and heights consists of a reference ellipse and some form of realization (passive or active control stations) &#8211; Additionally the ellipsoid WGS 84 has never been adopted by any international geodetic institution as the accepted system, that belongs to Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS 80).  Without some form of ground based reference frame to connect to direct measurements from GPS have a general uncertainty of about 5 meters.  Finally at this point in time it&#8217;s way more important to understand a relationship to ITRF since WGS 84 applies only to the U.S. GPS and not the other three positioning constellations that are in active use now.  I am happy to respond to any comments on this topic &#8212; <a href="mailto:base9geodesy@gmail.com">base9geodesy@gmail.com</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>
		By: Ssempirima Franklin		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-305071</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ssempirima Franklin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Oct 2023 05:42:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-305071</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Well done.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well done.</p>
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		<title>
		By: M Amin Azhir		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-285773</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[M Amin Azhir]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jan 2023 04:00:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-285773</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[So good and clear.
Thank You]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So good and clear.<br />
Thank You</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
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		<title>
		By: Saulos Mwangalaba		</title>
		<link>https://gisgeography.com/wgs84-world-geodetic-system/#comment-283434</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Saulos Mwangalaba]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2022 22:35:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gisgeography.com/?p=10425#comment-283434</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Hi. To what extent is the geodal shape of the earth ideal for establishing the datum for spatial referencing of a point on the global plane?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi. To what extent is the geodal shape of the earth ideal for establishing the datum for spatial referencing of a point on the global plane?</p>
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