Dissolve Tool in GIS

What is the Dissolve Tool?

The Dissolve Tool unifies adjacent boundaries based on common attribute values.

Only if neighbor polygons have the same dissolving attribute, then it melts the boundary into one.

Dissolving is mainly for generalization and always simplifies boundaries from a more complex one.

You can use this tool with the three main types of geometry, including points, lines, and polygons.

Dissolve Field and Attribute Loss

As long as you have a dissolve attribute, this determines which features they will amalgamate with.

For example, if you want to dissolve countries into a continent, then you will need a field in your data that specifies the continent.

The output will not retain all attributes unless you select the column as a dissolve field. This is why it’s easy to lose information, which isn’t included in the selected fields.

Dissolving is different from the Merge Tool, which puts all the items from multiple datasets into a single dataset. But the key is that merging maintains the boundaries between features.

What are some examples of the Dissolve Tool?

The Dissolve Tool is one of the most common tools in GIS. The highest usage is for cartographic display and data management.

Here are some examples of dissolving features:

If you want to remove the borders of geographic units, you can use the Dissolve Tool. For example, to create continents, you can erase all country borders, dissolving them into one.
When several features represent an entity like water, you can burn them for a better cartographic display.
Dissolving lines input creates multipart features. This means that one record can have several polylines. If you dissolve a set of points, then you can have multipoint features, as well.

In all cases, dissolving features result in more generalization. After running this tool, you can never end up with more records than you started with.

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How To Use the Dissolve Tool in ArcGIS

In ArcGIS, you can access the Dissolve Tool through the Data Management Tools in the Generalization Toolset.

The main option is setting the field(s) in which you want to dissolve.

By selecting any statistics, you can summarize values such as by sum, mean, minimum, or maximum.

How To Use the Dissolve Tool in QGIS

If you’re using QGIS, you can find this tool in the Vector | Geoprocessing Tools | Dissolve.

The main difference between the two tools is that you can calculate statistics in ArcGIS. But in QGIS, you can run statistics after the process.

One of the nice options in QGIS 3 is that you can create a temporary layer that’s stored in memory. This is good for examining your dissolve before creating an output file.

Summary

The Dissolve Tool is one of the most common tools for generalizing data in GIS systems.

The main purpose is that it burns neighboring borders based on a common attribute. But you can also use it for creating multipart features for lines and points.

It’s a common geoprocessing tool for generalizing and can be found in our Periodic Table for Spatial Analysis.

What are some examples of how you dissolve features? Have you experienced any errors with this tool? Please let us know with a comment below.